Verb dictionary/ない form + ように

[So That / In Order To]

Connection: Verb dictionary/ない form + ように

Expresses purpose, particularly when the goal involves achieving a state, ability, or condition (not a direct volitional action). Used when the outcome is beyond direct control.

Formation:

• Positive: Verb dictionary form + ように

  • 聞こえるように話す (speak so that [people] can hear)
  • 忘れないように書く (write so as not to forget)

• Negative: Verb ない-form + ように

  • 風邪を引かないように気をつける (be careful so as not to catch a cold)

Usage Notes:

• Use with state/ability verbs (見える, 聞こえる, わかる, できる, etc.)
• Use when the goal is indirect or involves a state/condition
• Common pattern: potential form + ように (見えるように, 聞こえるように)

Comparison:

• ように = purpose (indirect goal, state/ability)
  • 聞こえるように話す (speak so people can hear)
• ために = purpose (direct action goal)
  • 買うために行く (go in order to buy)

Common Patterns:

• ~ないように = so as not to ~
• ~できるように = so that [someone] can ~
• ~ようにする = make an effort to ~

Examples: みんなに聞こえるように大きい声で話した。(I spoke loudly so that everyone could hear.) 忘れないようにメモを取った。(I took notes so I wouldn't forget.) 日本語が話せるように毎日練習している。(I practice every day so that I can speak Japanese.)