Verb ない form (drop ない) + ずとも

[Even without doing; even if one doesn't]

Connection: Verb ない stem + ずとも (する → せずとも)

Usage: A literary/formal expression meaning "even without doing something." Implies that the action is unnecessary because the result is achievable or obvious without it.

Nuance: More formal and literary than なくても. Often used in written language or formal speech.

Examples:

言わずとも、彼の気持ちはわかっている。(Even without him saying it, I understand his feelings.)

説明せずとも、見ればわかるだろう。(Even without explanation, you should understand just by looking.)

急がずとも、まだ時間はたっぷりある。(Even without hurrying, there's still plenty of time.)